Routing process and routing algorithms

Introduction to routers and routing process

In this article we will make a quick - but complete - overview of the routing algorithms implemented in the network layer, but before you start this analysis is to understand what is meant by the word routing.

In general, routing is the routing function performed by a switch whose job is to decide where to send a given elemeto of a communication.

This function is normally implemented in network devices called routers that work, in fact, the network layer in order to manage traffic flows. In addition to fuznionalità specific forwarding, the router can perform various other tasks, for example:

• integrated access point functionality (in case you were in a Wi-Fi);
• act as filters through the implementation of internal firewalls for traffic analysis.

As for the routing function (strictly speaking) we can make an analogy with the sistama post: in order for a letter to be delivered to the recipient successfully we need to know name and address, in addition to this information, however, a center the sorting office will also need to know about other data, for example, daily postal centers surrounding the situation, for example, whether a given postal center is closed or blocked in order to seek an alternative route for the delivery of the letter.
The routing process necessarily needs some information: IP address for the essential package, but it is also necessary to know the status of the neighbors to see if a path is interrottto, too congested and possibly choose an alternate route .
The router will then capture the information from other routers, create routing tables (in case a cipher is implemented with a routing table) which will be populated with the most convenient ways to connect a generic source with a general target.

We distinguish two possible scenarios regarding the routing process:

• Sender and recipient are located in the same network
  The router by reading the package he realizes that the destination is the network run by him and then simply forward the packet to the destination.
• Sender and destination are located on different networks
  In this situation, things get complicated because the routing is not immediate. The router uses the network of the sender sees that the packet is not directed to any of the hosts connected to it. At this point, the router checks its routing tabbella and forwards the packet to the router shown in the table. This process of forwarding packets between the various router continues until the packet reaches the router that serves the destination network. At this point it sees that the packet is addressed to one of his hosts connected and simply forwards the packet directly to the destination host.

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